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You can do this more than one way. There is a ‘Blend Colors” utility node that can be placed in a shading network that will allow you to blend some percentage of two colors (or images). The change can be gradual or abrupt.
But the simplest is to just key the color. Do this:
Make a sphere (or whatever), then use Render -> Lighting/Shading -> Assign New Material
(because you cannot change much of the default material properties) to assign a new shader, say a Lambert.
Move the time slider (along the bottom row) to 1, select the sphere, then the tab that says “lambert2”. Click on color and pick red, then right-click on the word “Color” and choose “Set Key” from the menu that pops up.
Move the time slider to 16. Click on the color again and pick blue. Right click on the attribute name ("Color") and choose Set Key again.
Now you have the object being set to red at frame 1, and blue at frame 16. Play the animation and you will see it smoothly change from red to blue, with various shades of purple in-between.
To get an abrupt transition, you can change the tangents in the graph editor (complicated) or add another key of red at frame 15. After doing this, the color will red at the start, and stay red through frame 15. At 16, it will change to blue and stay that color.
Many (maybe most) attributes in Maya are keyable, and anything keyable can be set to change based on time.
<* Wes *>
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